Musulinci Da Auren Kananun Yan Mata – Aliyu Dahiru Aliyu

A makon da ya gabata an yi ta cece-kuce a shafukan sada zumunta akan auren wani mutum dan jihar Niger mai shekaru 70 da kuma wata yarinya da aka ce tana da shekara 15 a duniya. Tare da cewa bayan kafafen yada labarai sun bayyana labarin an dawo an ce shekarun mutumin basu gaza 60 ba, ita kuma yarinyar ta kai shekaru 20 kuma aurenta na uku kenan; to amma na ga dacewar yin wannan rubutu ko da hakan gaskiya ne ganin yadda hujjojin da aka dinga kokarin kafawa don kare ko rushe auren ba tafiya suka yi ba, musamman ta fuskar addini.

Na san rubutun zai iya yin tsawo amma ban sanya lamba ta daya a wannan muqalar ba saboda idan har hali ya kai to zan tsaya a wannan rubutun ne kawai. Zan yi kokarin yin cikakken bayani musamman tun da ana ta neman na yi bayani musamman ta fuskar addini akan wannan abu da yake ta kai kawo tsakanin masu ganin dacewar auren saboda addini bai haramta ba kuma Annabi (saw) ya aikata da kuma masu ganin auren karamar yarinya yana da illoli masu yawa wanda likitoci sun tabbatar. Wannan idan yarinyar shekararta 15 kenan (kuma hotonta ya fi goyon bayan wannan shekarun). Daga karshe kuma zan yi bayani akan daidaito a shekarun aure tsakanin miji da mata. Wannan kuma idan shekarun mijin basu gaza 60 ba kuma ita yarinyar ba ta wuce 20 ba.

Auren Qaramar Yarinya ta Fuskar Addini:

Masu ganin cewar auren karamar yarinya ba laifi ba ne ta fuskar addini suna da manyan hujjoji guda biyu da zan yi cikakken bayaninsu. Wadannan su ne mafi yawa daga cikin mazhabobin musulinci guda 7, hudu a Sunnah uku a Shi’a. Babban malamin nan Sheikh Yahya Annawawy a cikin sharhin da ya yiwa “Sahihu Muslim” ya bayyana cewa ijima’in malamai ne ma akan cewa halal ne auren karamar yarinya. To amma wannan kuskure ne domin akwai malaman da basu yarda da wannan ba kuma manya ne da maganarsu ta isa hujja kamar babban malamin Mu’utazila din nan Sheikh Abubakar Al’asam da kuma Imam Ibn Shubrima da sauransu da suka haramta auren karamar yarinya saboda hujjojin da zan kawo a nan gaba.

Malaman da suka tafi akan cewa auren karamar yarinya halal ne suna bayar da hujjoji manya guda biyu. Hujjar farko suna maganar cewa Alqur’ani bai bayyana cewa sai ma ce ta kai wasu shekaru sannan za’a yi mata aure ba. Sannan kuma daya babbar hujjar tasu ita ce Manzon Allah (saw) ma ya auri Nana Aisha a shekarunta suna tsakanin 8 zuwa 9. Wannan ita ce hujjar da aka fi sani wacce zan yi cikakken bayaninta a kasa.

Amma maganar cewa Allah bai yi bayanin shekarun aure ba tabbas haka ne a zahiri, sai dai ya yi bayanin girman isa aure a fakaice. Abin da Allah yake nunawa a cikin. Alqur’ani ((Nisa’i :06)) shi ne lokacin isa aure daidai lokacin yin hankali ne da har za’a iya bawa marayu gadonsu a daidai lokacin. Ita kam yarinya karama ba ta da hankalin da har za’a iya ba ta gado a hannunta. Kenan duk da Allah bai fadi shekarun aure karara ba to amma ya yi nuni da cewa shekarun aure suna tafe da yin hankali ne. Na tabbata kam babu mai daukan dukiya ya bawa yar shekara 5,6 ko 10 don ta rike ko ta dinga juyawa. Wannan ta na daga cikin hujjojin da malaman da suka nuna rashin halaccin auren karamar yarinya suka fada ta fuskar Alqur’ani.

Auren Annabi (saw) Da Nana A’isha :

To amma akwai babbar hujjar da ake bayarwa da ita ta fi game duniya. Hujjar auren Annabi (saw) da Bukhari ya rawaito daga Hisham Ibn Urwa cewa Nana Aisha (ra) ta auri Manzon Allah (saw) tana shekara 8 ko 9. Wannan kam shi ne mashahurin abin da mutane suka tafi akai, ciki har da marubuta tarihin da ba su tsaya sun bi abin da cikakken binciken da malaman zamani ke yi ba. Magana ta gaskiya wannan riwayar ta Bukhari tana sabawa da cikakken tarihin Nana Aisha da yazo a wasu hadisan na Bukhari din da ma wasu litattafan masu yawa.

Mu fara kallon abin ta fuskar riwaya. Kusan duka riwayoyin da ake ganin suna da inganci da suka rawaito auren Nana Aisha da tarewarta da bikin baki daya mutum daya ne wato Hisham Ibn Urwa. Wannan babban malami ne daga cikin manyan tabi’ai wanda bai riski rayuwar Nana Aisha ba balle ta bashi labarin aurenta baki-da-baki. An haifeshi a shekara ta 61 bayan hijira, lokacin da aka kashe Imam Hussein (as) a yakin Karbala a lokacin Nana Aisha ta dade da riskar Ubangiji. Ya yi shekaru kusan 80 yana rayuwa. Malaman hadisi sun bayyana cewa Hisham ba shi da matsala akan kansa, sai dai akwai matsala ta fuskar wannan hadisin da ya rawaito da zamu kara fashin baki akansa.

Hisham bn Urwa ya rawito hadisin nan na cewa Annabi ya auri Nana Aisha a shekara 7 daga babansa Urwatu bn Zubair wanda shi kuma daga ita Nana Aisha din. Shi Hisham ya yi rayuwa a gari biyu, Madina da Iraq. Ya yi rayuwa mai tsawo a Madina yana koyar da dalibansa manya kamar Anas bn Malik, Sufyanus Sauri, Hammad bn Salama da sauransu amma bai taba gaya musu wannan hadisi ba! Babu wanda ya taba rawaito wannan hadisi a gunsa. Sai bayan da ya koma Iraq sannan aka fara jin wannan hadisi yana yawo da sunansa a gurin daliban da ya tarar da su!

Babbar matsalar a nan ita ce, malamai sun tabbatar da cewa Hisham bn Urwa ya samu matsalar kwakwalwa bayan barinsa Madina ya koma Iraq. Matsalar kwakwalwar da suke kira da “ikhtilaxi” ta hada da mantuwa da kuma cakuda hadisai ko jirkitasu. Wannan kam babbar illa ce ga wanda za’a karbo hadisi daga gurinsa. Malamai a wannan fannin kamar Ibn Hajar Al’aqalany a littafinsa “Tahzibut Tahzib”, Imamuz Zahabi a “Tahzibul Kamal” da sauransu sun tabbatar da cewa Hisham bashi da matsala a hadisansa na Madina sai dai a hadisansa na Iraq. Kuma wannan maganar ta cewa Annabi ya auri Nana Aisha a shekara 6 ya fadeta ne a Iraq din! Kenan ya zama wajibi mu duba hadisain ko da an sallama baki daya domin shi ne babbar hujjar masu nuna ba ma kawai halal ne auren karamar yarinya ba, a’a suna ganin sunnah ne!

Wata matsalar a nan ita ce shi hadisin nan yazo a cikin “Sahihul Bukhari” in da mutane suke ganin bai isa a taba ba sai dai a yi biyayya a karba ido rufe. To amma wannan kuskure ne. Don an ce littafin shi ne mafi ingancin litattafai ba wai yana nufin duk abin da yazo a cikinsa ingantacce ba ne. Tabbas Imamul Bukhari ya yi kokari musamman wajen tace hadisai dayawa da zabo wadanda bisa ijtihadinsa yake ganin daidai ne a cikin dubban hadisai. To amma wannan ba ya nufin komai kuma yazo a littafin ingantacce ne. Wannan duk malamai sun sani kuma sun yi rubuce-rubuce akai. Wanda yake son gani sai ya duba misalai a litattafan Daral-Quduny “Al-ilal”, Albany “Dha’efa”, Ibn Hajar “Fathul Bary”, Muhammad Alghazali “Sunnah Nabawiyya” da litattafan malamai kamar Abdullahi bn Siddiq Gumary, Ibn Hazam Al’andalusy kai har da Ibn Taimiyya musamman a littafinsa “Minhajus-Sunnah”.

Kenan abin da muke so mu tabbatar a nan shi ne shi Hisham bn Urwa ya samu rikicin tsufa bayan komawarsa Iraq inda ya dinga bayar da labarin cewa Annabi ya auri Nana Aisha tana shekara 6. Wannan kuma shi ne abin da malamai kamar Yahya bn Qaxxan suka fada akan shi Hisham din. To amma Zahabi a cikin “Mizanul I’itidal” ya musanta cewa Hisham ya samu rikicin tsufa, sai dai ya bayyana cewa ya samu matsalar yawan mantuwa! To duk dai a nan sai dai mu ce duk daya ne don kamar ba cinya ba kafar baya ne a nan. Kenan dai wannan hadisin yana da matsala tun da ta iya yiwuwa mantuwa ya yi ko rikicewa ya yi wajen bayar da labarin ga dalibansa a zamanin da ya tsufa. Wannan kuma shi ne nake so na tabbatar idan mun koma ga tarihin Nana Aisha din ba wai duba ga hadisin nan shi kadai ba.

Mu fara duba yadda wannan hadisin ya ci karo da wasu hadisan da suke “Sahihul Bukhari” tukun. Yazo a “Kitabut Tafsir” daga Yusuf bn Mahak cewa Nana Aisha tana cewa an saukar da wata aya ta karshen “Suratul Qamar” lokacin tana yar budurwa (jariya). Ita kam kalmar yar budurwa (jariya) da larabci tana nufin yarinya mai shekara 11 zuwa 12. Wannan ayar kuwa an saukar da ita lokacin saura shekara biyu a yi hijira saboda abin da Imam Muslim da Abi Hatim suka rawaito cewa Sayyidi Umar ya shiga musulinci a shekara ta shida bayan aiko Annabi (saw). Bayan ya shiga musulinci ne ya tambayi Annabi (saw) game da tafsirin ita wannan ayar. Idan muka tafi da wannan lissafi to babu yadda za’a yi Nana Aisha tana shekara biyu kuma ta yi amfani da kalmar “jariya” tana wasa alhalin shekararta biyu da haihuwa!

Abin da yake faruwa a nan shi ne, malaman tarihi sun yi kuskure wajen lissafa shekarun Nana Aisha ta fuskar haihuwarta. Maimakon su ce an haifeta a shekara ta hudu kafin aiko Annabi (“qablal bi’itha”) sai suka ce an haifeta shekara ta hudu kafin hijira (“qablal hijira”). Kenan Nana Aisha, bisa wannan lissafin idan mun gyara kuskuren, ta auri Annabi tana kusan shekara 18 ko 19. To amma debe kusan shekara goma da aka yi ya sanya ake ganin ta auri Annabi a shekara 6,7,8 zuwa 9. Wannan kuskure ne da har yanzu malamai dayawa suke kai in ban da yan kadan da a yanzu suka tashi suna cikakken bincike akan mas’alar da ta kunno kai : tsakanin masu auren kananun yara daga cikin musulmi suna ganin sunnah ne da kuma masu zagin Annabi (saw) daga cikin masu makiya Musulinci.

Wani abu da ya kamata in kara bayani a nan shi ne abin da Ibn Hajar Al’asqalany ya fada a cikin littafinsa na “Al-ifadha” da sauran malaman tarihi cewa : Nana Asma’u yar uwar Nana Aisha ta girmi Nana Aishan da shekara 10. Sannan kuma da suna bayanin lokacin da aka haifi Nana Asma’u sai suka ce an haifeta a shekara ta 27 kafin Hijira. Kenan idan mun kwashe shekara 13 na zaman Annabi a Makka bayan aikoshi zamu ga saura shekara 14 na kafin aiko Annabin. Idan mun kwashe shekara 10 da ta girmi Nana Aisha da su to kenan an haifi Nana Aisha shekara 4 kafin aiko Annabi. Idan ka kara da shekaru 13 na zaman Annabi a Makka da kuma 4 na kafin aikoshi da aka haifi Nana Aisha sannan ka kara da 2 na bayan ya hijira da aka yi aurensu to zai zama : 13+4+2 = 19. Kenan sun yi aure tana shekara 19 ba 8 ba.

Hujjojin cewa Annabi (saw) bai auri Nana Aisha tana shekara 8 ba suna da yawa amma ga wanda yake nemansu yanzu zai samu a yar karamar muqala cikin larabci da Islam Behery ya rubuta ko cikin turanci da aka fitar da doguwar tattaunawa akan wannan mas’ala a makarantar Yaqeen Institute. Wacce zamu cike da ita ita ce ta auna shekarun Nana Fadima da na Nana Aisha wanda shi ma yana dada warware cewa Annabi ya auri Nana Aisha tana shekara 8. An haifi Nana Fadima a lokacin Manzon Allah yana shekara 35. Ita kuma ta girmi Nana Aisha da shekara 5 kamar yadda malaman tarihi suke fada. Idan haka ya inganta kenan an yi auren Annabi da Nana Aisha tana shekara 15 ne ba wai shekara 6 ko 8 ba.

Duka wannan ina so na nuna raunin hujjar cewa ai Annabi (saw) ya auri Nana Aisha taba shekara 6 zuwa 9 ne a matsayin kafa hujjar sunnanci ko halaccin auren kananun yara. Ya zama wajibi mai neman gaskiya ya tsaya ya duba komai a tsanake ba wai dagewa akan abin da ya yi masa ba. Gaskiya ana sonta a matsayinta na gaskiya ne ba wai a matsayin son rai ba. Wannan hujjar kuwa ko miliyan nawa din mutanene. akanta kuma ko shekara nawa ta yi ana karbarta mai rauni ce da ba’a tsaya yi mata bin diddigi ba sai a yan shekarun nan.

Daidaito A Shekarun Aure :

Ya kamata a gane cewa abin da yake kuskure ne to sunansa kuskure ko a cikin Ka’aba a kai ko kuma a cocin katolika. Da kuskuren na Nijeriya da na Russia duk kuskure ne. Banbancin kawai shi ne mu mun fi damuwa da matsalarmu ba wai sai mun tafi nemo laifin wasu ba. Don an samu a cikin turawa suna aikata wani abu da illa ne a zamantakewarmu to bai kamata mu halattawa kanmu ba tun da mun riga mun san illar hakan. Don ana kuskure a wata kasa shi kenan sai ya zama daidai a kasarmu? Don ana kuskure a wani addinin sai mu aikata kenan? Lord Resistance Army (Kiristoci) a Uganda sun yi abin da Boko Haram (musulmi) suke a Nijeriya, shi kenan sai a ce a bar maganar BH a tafi ta LRA tun da wani addinin ma akwai yan ta’adda?

Aure fa ba na mutum daya ba ne. Aure tsakanin “miji” da “mata” ake yi. Duk kuma abin da za’a yi tsakanin mutum biyu to a na bukatar duba hakkokin su duka biyun ne ba na mutum daya ba. Ko kasuwanci idan har zai kai ga garari ko a cuci daya to musulinci ya hana balle kuma aure da so ake a mutu ana tare. An tabbatar da mace mai kananun shekaru na iya fuskantar matsaloli wajen haihuwa da zai kai ga rasa ranta idan ba a yi sa’a ba. Ya kamata a dinga lura da wasu abubuwan kafin aure don kada a fada wani gararin. Yanzu ai babu inda a Musulinci aka ce sai an yi gwaji sannan za a yi aure. To amma saboda rashin gwajin jinin kan iya janyo matsala har ta kai an kusa samun ittifaqi akan cewa sai an yi gwajin kafin a yi aure. To amma me yasa ba za a yi irin wannan nazari akan auren karamar yarinyar da ake so a yiwa aure ba? Don me shi namijin kadai ake kallo ba a la’akari da shekarun yarinyar?

Yanzu game da babban mutum ya auri yar karamar yarinya a duba wani babban ginshiki a aure, jima’i. Bincike ya nuna mace tana kara jin son jima’i daga shekara 18 yana kara sama har sai ta kai 40. Daga nan kuma sai son ya yi kasa. Namiji yana fin wannan shekarun amma shi ma ba ya wuce 60 sai komai ya ja baya. Yanzu mu duba mutumin nan mai shekara 70 (ko 60 ma) da ya auri mai shekara 15 (ko 20 din). Lokacin da ita yarinyar za ta kai shekarun da zata bukaci jima’i a kalla sau biyu a sati, shi ba lallai ya iya tsyawa kulata ko sau daya a wata ba! Daga karshe wa aka cuta kenan? Shin idan yarinyar dole ta sanya ta nemi wasu hanyoyin da za ta biya bukatunta waye ya janyo? Shin wannan auren ba ya cikin garari? Idan kuma an kamata tana neman wani yaron karshe duk akanta bala’i zai sauka alhalin ga babban dalili nan tun farko an ce sai an yi.

Dan shekara 70+ ya auri yar shekara 15. Yar shekara 12 ta nemi mijinta mai shekara 68 ya saketa a kotu. Miji mai shekara 80 ya nemi matarsa mai shekara 17 da ta bashi dubu 150 don ya saketa ta hanyar “khul’i”. Wannan duk ba fim bane ko almarar litattafai ba. Yana faruwa a cikin musulmi har ta kai ana bawa hakan kariya ta fuskar addini. E, wallahi! Haka za ka ji ana cewa a haka shari’armu ta “rahama” da ta bawa mata hakkokinsu ta ga damar yi, kuma haka zamu yi! Wanda ya ga dama ya yi imani, wanda ya ga dama ya kafirce!!

Ina gaya muku wallahi wannan sai dai ya sanya a kafirce din. Ai ta cewa shari’a sabanin hankali ce. Masu hankali ba zasu tsaya kulata ba balle har su shiga cikinta. Wace irin shari’a ce wannan da ba ta duba tushenta (maqasidush-shari’a)? Shari’ar “pedophilia”? Shari’ar “misogyny”? Shari’ar da duk wani zalinci an halattashi an ce a littattafan “Fiqihu” yazo da madogararsu a litattafan Hadisai marasa inganci? Shari’ar Ghenghiz Khan da Adolf Hitler! Sannan daga baya kuma a dinga tambayar me yasa ake zama mulhidai!

Babbar musibar ita ce har yanzu mutanenmu basu yarda mace na cikin kunci ba. Har yanzu basu yarda akwai abubuwan da take bukata ba. Ta yaya dan shekara 70 zai iya biyan hakkin yar shekara 15? Ta yaya? Don haka babban malamin Mu’utazila Sheikh Abubakar Al’asam (rh) da Imam Ibn Shubrima (rh) suka bayyana rashin halaccin aurar da karamar yarinya baki daya. Sun yi amfani da ayoyin Alqur’ani kuma sun nuna zalintar yarinya ne. Cewar an yi ijima’in halaccin aurar da karamar yarinya kuskure ne da wasu suka yi. Wadannan malamai ne da sun isa hujja a Fiqihu kuma maganarsu a bar dubawa ce.

Ko a kunnen wayayye ko bagidaje, mai ilimi ko jahili; wannan auren na yar 15 ga dan 70 abin kyamata ne. To amma an ce shari’armu sabanin hankali ce! Duk wani hauka sai wani ya kawo mana ya ce ce addini ne kuma kada mu duba! Indai Allah yace aure don soyayya da kauna ne ta yaya dan shekara 70 zai iya soyayya da yar shekara 15? Mutum ya zama tsoho tukuf duk dan ragowar kyawun fatarsa ya kare amma yana son auren yar karamar yarinya! Don Allah wace irin cuta ce wannan? Sannan wani yazo yace wannan shari’ar Musulinci ce!

فإن تسألونى عن النساء فإننى #

بصير بأدواء النساء طبيب

إذا فل مال المرء أو شاب شعره #

فليس له فى ودهن نصيب

يحببن ثراء المال حيث علمنه

وشرط الشباب عندهن عجيب

Mata suna son yaro matashi. Furfura babbar illa ce agun matan da suke son maza kamar yadda Alqama bn Abdata ya fada. Mata suna son saurayi sosai da sosai. Amma al’ummarmu ba ta damu da hakkin mace ba. Ba wanda yake son ya saurari kukan mace. Sai ta yi magana a rufeta da mujalladai a ce dama sun fi yawa a wuta!

Allah ya jikan Almardawy Alhanbaly da yake fadin cewa kada tsoho ya auri yarinya in dai ba so yake ta tafi zina ba:

ولا تنكحن إن كنت شيجا فتية #

تعش فى ضرار العيش او ترض باالردى

Malamai dayawa na da da na yanzu sun bayyana rashin dacewa kai har da rashin halaccin tsoho ya auri yarinya. Ka karanta “Ahkamul Usra” na Muhammad Mustafa Al’azhary (rh) da Allama Riwyani a littafinsa “Albahr” da yace sharadi ne sai shekaru sun daidaita za’a yi aure. Ba wai ina nufin shekaru su zama daya ba. Ina maganar daidaiton shekaru ne. Har Imam Alqadhy Mawardy (rh) da aka sani shi ma ya bayyana cewa kada a yi aure babu daidaiton shekaru. To amma al’ummarmu tafi son kare karyar da take so akan karbar gaskiyar da ba ta so.

Allah ya kyauta.